- Developers
- Learn how foundation models can be applied to robotics for more generalizable and adaptable physical agents.
- Business
- Understand the potential for robots to move beyond single-task automation to handle diverse physical tasks across industries.
This interview explores a significant shift in robotics, focusing on general intelligence rather than task-specific programming.
Training General Robots for Any Task: Physical Intelligence’s Karol Hausman and Tobi Springenberg
Audio streams from Sequoia Capital. Your place is remembered on this device.
From Subvolts
Summary and analysis by Subvolts editorial, AI-assisted.
This episode of Sequoia Capital's Training Data podcast features Karol Hausman and Tobi Springenberg from Physical Intelligence. They discuss their approach to training general-purpose robots using foundation models. Their end-to-end learning combines vision, language, and action, enabling robots to learn adaptable behaviors rather than fixed programs. The team emphasizes real-world deployment and reinforcement learning to advance robotics beyond imitation.
Robots have been limited because they only know how to do one specific thing. This episode explains how new AI models can teach robots to learn many different tasks, making them more useful in the real world.
This episode offers insight into a new paradigm for robotics, moving from task-specific programming to general intelligence. It's for AI researchers and engineers interested in embodied AI and how foundation models can solve the 'intelligence bottleneck' in robotics. This work aligns with frontier labs' broader efforts in multimodal AI and creating more capable, adaptable AI systems that can interact with the physical world.
- HostSequoia Capital
- GuestKarol HausmanPhysical Intelligence
- GuestTobi SpringenbergPhysical Intelligence
- Episode Title: Training General Robots for Any Task: Physical Intelligence’s Karol Hausman and Tobi Springenberg
- Show: Training Data (an official AI show)
- Hosts: Sequoia Capital
- Length: 62 minutes
- Models Mentioned: π0 and π*0.6
Physical Intelligence’s Karol Hausman and Tobi Springenberg believe that robotics has been held back not by hardware limitations, but by an intelligence bottleneck that foundation models can solve. Their end-to-end learning approach combines vision, language, and action into models like π0 and π*0.6, enabling robots to learn generalizable behaviors rather than task-specific programs. The team prioritizes real-world deployment and uses RL from experience to push beyond what imitation learning alone can achieve. Their philosophy—that a single general-purpose model can handle diverse physical tasks across different robot embodiments—represents a fundamental shift in how we think about building intelligent machines for the physical world.
Hosted by Alfred Lin and Sonya Huang, Sequoia Capital
- foundation models
- Karol Hausman and Tobi Springenberg
- large, versatile AI models trained on vast amounts of data that can be adapted for many tasks.
- end-to-end learning
- Karol Hausman and Tobi Springenberg
- an AI approach where the model learns directly from raw input to final output without intermediate steps.
- RL from experience
- Karol Hausman and Tobi Springenberg
- Reinforcement Learning, where an AI learns by trying actions and receiving rewards or penalties.
- imitation learning
- Karol Hausman and Tobi Springenberg
- an AI technique where the model learns by observing and mimicking expert demonstrations.
David Silver and Lasse Espeholt of Ineffable Intelligence: A Superlearner for the Age of Experience
WithDavid Silver, Lasse Espeholt
Making Cities Awesome: Peregrine’s Nick Noone & Ben Rudolph
WithNick Noone, Ben Rudolph
Questions people ask
- What is Physical Intelligence's approach to robotics?
- They use an end-to-end learning approach combining vision, language, and action with foundation models to enable robots to learn generalizable behaviors.
- What is the main challenge in robotics according to the guests?
- They believe the primary limitation in robotics is an intelligence bottleneck, not hardware, which foundation models can help solve.
Page generated Oct 19, 2026. Summaries are Subvolts' own; the audio, artwork and notes belong to Sequoia Capital.




